Risk Management Software
Sourcing Guide & Market Intelligence

Fed lowers rates for the first time in 2025

• On September 17, the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) voted to lower interest rates to a target range of 4.0% to 4.25%, down 0.25% from the rate it had been holding since November of last year.
• Despite indications at the start of the year that steady reductions to the relatively high 4.25% to 4.5% rate were on the horizon, the Fed held off on rate cuts for much of the year due to concerns that the combination of higher tariffs and a reduction in borrowing costs could cause rebounding inflation.
• The September cut to Fed interest rates signals a shift in this strategy, indicating that the Fed now considers weakening employment figures a greater threat than inflation. As a result, FOMC officials have also signaled that two additional rate cuts are likely before the end of the year in an effort to fight unemployment and stimulate the economy.
• Declining Fed funds rates will provide relief to borrowers by lowering the market interest rates for consumer and business loans. This reduction in the cost of borrowing will reduce the cost of many banking and financial services, and may spur increases in demand across the economy.

The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act enters into force

• In August 2024, the European Union (EU) began enforcing its new regulation on artificial intelligence. Although EU legislation, the act will have a major effect on global technological companies operating in the AI space, similar to the General Data Protection regulation.
• The legislation aims to apply a risk-based framework to AI regulation, meaning different AI applications will be treated differently. The law applies a general ban for “unacceptable” uses, such as social scoring and predictive policing.
• For general-purpose AI models, companies will be required to comply with EU copyright law and intellectual property provisions, carry out regular testing, issue transparency disclosures, and implement adequate cybersecurity protections. For “high-risk” AI applications, such as autonomous vehicles, medical devices, financial services, and biometric identification systems, companies must meet stricter requirements in terms of risk-mitigation systems, documentation, human oversight, and cybersecurity.
• Companies that breach the AI Act may face fines ranging from 7.5 million euros or 1.5% of global annual revenues to 35.0 million euros or 7.0% of global annual revenues, whichever amount is higher.
• While the blanket ban on unacceptable systems entered into force in February 2025, most of the obligations do not take effect for a full year. In August 2025, requirements for general-purpose AI will come into effect, and in August 2026, obligations for high-risk AI systems will be enforced.

The DOJ proposes Google breakup in latest tech antitrust action

• In August, Google was found guilty of operating as a monopoly and engaging in anti-competitive practices through the operation of its search engine business.
• In response to this ruling the Department of Justice (DOJ) has stated it will seek a breakup of Google’s business segments, among other similarly harsh penalties. While the actual penalty Google receives must be approved by the judge, the DOJ’s proposed penalties signal a zero-tolerance policy toward tech monopolies.
• During the last few years, the Federal government has significantly increased its enforcement actions against major technology companies in an effort to contest the high level of market share concentration in this sector.
• These actions include high-profile anti-trust lawsuits against Amazon, Apple, and Meta, in addition to the case against Google. Consequently, the results of these lawsuits could significantly affect the structure of a wide range of tech markets.